Pharmacology question (Neostigmine) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pharmacology question (Neostigmine) - Essay Example Ach is rapidly inactivated by ChE and endplate returns to its resting potential. However, if there is prolonged depolarization induced by these drugs, there is no further generation of action potential after the initial twitch and there is loss of electrical excitability at the motor endplate. Directly acting muscle relaxant: They exert direct action on the skeletal muscle, by interfering with the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, they interfere with the excitation-contraction coupling (Bhattacharya 2003). Treatment of respiratory paralysis arising from an adverse reaction or overdose of a neuromuscular blocking agent should be by positive pressure artificial respiration with oxygen and maintenance of a patient airway until the recovery of normal respiration is assured. With the competitive blocking agents, this may be hastened by the administration of neostigmine methyl sulphate (0.5 to 2mg, intravenously) or edrophonium (10mg intravenously, repeated as required.) (Hardman 1996). Neostigmine is a quaternary ammonium compound that inhibits cholinesterase activity and thus prolongs and intensifies the physiological actions of acetylcholine. It probably also has direct effects on skeletal muscle fibres. To reverse neuromuscular blockade produced by competitive neuromuscular blockers, the usual adult dose in the UK is 50 to 70micrograms/kg given by intravenous injection over a period of 60 seconds; in the USA lower doses of 0.5 to 2mg are used. Additional neostigmine may be given until the muscle power is normal but a total of 5mg should not be exceeded. Similar doses may be used in children; the BNFC recommends a dose of 50 to 80micrograms/kg in neonates and children, to a maximum of 2.5mg in those under 12 years of age. The patient should be well ventilated until complete recovery of normal respiration is assured. To counteract any muscarinic effects in adults 0.6 to 1.2mg of atropine sulfate is given by intravenous injection with or before the dose of neostig mine; neonates and children up to 18 years of age may be given 20micrograms/kg of atropine sulfate (to a maximum of 600micrograms in those aged 1 month and over). It has been suggested that in the presence of bradycardia atropine sulfate should be given several minutes before neostigmine. Glycopyrronium bromide has been used as an alternative to atropine sulfate. Adverse effects The adverse effects of neostigmine are chiefly due to

The Miracle Worker by William Gibson Essay Example for Free

The Miracle Worker by William Gibson Essay William Gibsons play, The Miracle Worker, illustrates how people who triumph over hardships can succeed in achieving their goals. The play follows Annie Sullivan, a half-blind northern young woman, as she travels to Post-Civil War Tuscumbia, Alabama in order to teach Helen Keller, a blind and deaf little girl. When she arrives in Alabama, Annie meets Helens family members; her father, Captain Keller, is a stubborn, commanding former Civil War captain and her mother, Kate Keller, is a young, overly protective woman, both of them have kept Helen almost as a pet because they did not know what to do with her or how to treat her. In order for Annie to succeed in teaching Helen, she has to battle with Captain Kellers stubbornness, Kates overly protectiveness, and Helens combativeness. For instance, Annie is forced to show her combative side as she repeatedly faces off with Captain Keller to be able to teach Helen better. For example, Annie and Captain Keller argue at the breakfast table over how to teach Helen, and Captain Keller exclaims, I fail to see where you have taught her anything yet, Miss Sullivan! to which Annie responds angrily, Ill begin this minute if youll leave the room, Captain Keller! (Gibson 668). Captain Keller desperately wants to have peace at the breakfast table; however, Annie interrupts that peace by demanding that he leave the room. Annie knows that, in order for her to be able to discipline Helen, Captain Keller and Kate must leave the room so that they cannot interfere. In addition, Annie requests another week to teach Helen without the interference of her family, and Captain Keller exclaims, And what would one more week accomplish? We are more than satisfied, youve done more than we ever thought possible, taught her constructive(691). Captain Keller is more than satisfied because Annie has taught Helen manners and how to behave. Annie is frustrated with the Kellers because she knows that Helens learning manners is only the first step in her education; Annie wants to teach Helen communication, but knows that this skill is unattainable with Kate and Captain Kellers frequent interferences. Furthermore, at Helens welcome home dinner, Helen tests her parents and throws a water pitcher on Annie, Captain Keller tries to stop Annie from disciplining Helen, but Annie rounds on him and yells, Dont smooth anything else out for me, dont interfere in any way! I treat her like a seeing child because I ask her to  see, I expect her to see, dont undo what I do! (700). Helen has been in the garden house with Annie for the past two weeks, following rules day and night, and Captain Keller wants to make Helens welcome home dinner more enjoyable by allowing her more freedom than she has had in the past two weeks. Annie knows that if Captain Keller allows Helen to get her way, even once, all the progress she has made over the past two weeks will have gone to waste and she will return to her previous bad habits and distasteful manners. Annies being obstinate and her sheer will power help her to stand up to Captain Keller, insure that Helen can succeed in her learning and becoming able to communicate with a world from which she has been closed off. Moreover, Annie is driven to a constant battle of wills against Kates blinding love for Helen because this love interferes with Helens being able to learn from Annie, her teacher. For example, Annie turns indignant when Kate gives Helen a sweet after Helen stabs Annie with a needle, and Kate explains, We catch our flies with honey, Im afraid. We havent the heart for much else, and so many times she simply cannot be compelled (664). All Kate realizes is that Helens bad behavior stops when she is given candy, thus Kate accidentally rewards her for misbehaving. Annie feels frustrated because she knows that if Kate carries on rewarding Helen for bad behavior, Annie will never be able to rid Helen of her bad habits. In addition, when the Kellers are taken aback by Annies proposition of spending two weeks alone in the garden house, Annie explains, Mrs. Keller, I dont think Helens worst handicap is deafness or blindness. I think its your love. And pity (667). Annie knows that Mrs. Kellers love and pity for Helen has caused Kate to distort Helens differentiation between right and wrong, and Annie realizes that being alone with Helen will allow her to be taught without the interference of her mothers love. Annie thinks that this love and pity from Kate is Helens worst handicap because it prevents her from learning language and keeps Helen closed off from the world around her. Furthermore, Helen tests her family, and her teacher, when her welcome home dinner after her two weeks alone with Annie, repeatedly dropping her napkin, Kate tries to make excuses for her and supposes, Will once hurt so much, Miss Annie? Ivemade all Helens favorite foods, tonight (699). Kates desire to make Helen happy on her first night back blinds Kate to the  realization that if she allows Helen misbehave even once, the progress that Helen has made in the time she spent with Annie in the garden house will diminish and Annie will have to start teaching Helen all over again. Annie knows that if Helen realizes that she can get away with misbehaving, now that she is reunited with her family, she will revert back to her old ways and continue misbehaving. Because Annie fights with Kate to keep Helen in line, Annie is able to teach Helen how to act and behave like a seeing child, and begin to break through Helens shell that prevents her from learning language. What is more, due to her stubborn, fiery attitude, Helen forces Annie to battle with her in order for Annie to make Helen understand that everything has a name. For Example, upon first meeting Helen, Annie shows her a doll and immediately spells d-o-l-l into Helens hand, Helen, wanting the doll, rejects the spelling and whacks Annie over the head; as Annie gets up looking for Helen the narrator reveals, But rounding from the mirror she sees the door slam, Helen and the doll are on the outside, and Helen is turning the key in the lock, Annie darts over, to pull the knob, but the door is locked fast. (655). Helen has no desire to spell back to Annie, and when Annie will not give her the doll until she spells back she hits Annie with a haymaker and flees out the door. Due to her injury, Annie immediately realizes the difficulty she is going to have teaching Helen, and she becomes ever more determined to succeed in making Helen learn. In addition, Annie tries tirelessly to get Helen to eat her breakfast with a spoon, but the narrator reveals, She tries again this time Helen accepts the food. Annie lowers the spoon with a sigh of relief, and Helen spews the mouthful out at her face (672). Helen resents the attempts that Annie makes to teach her how to use proper manners and fights back bitterly with her entire arsenal of tricks. Annie, instead of being discouraged by the insult, is only more determined to succeed in teaching Helen table manners after having food spewed into her face. Furthermore, Helen proceeds to misbehave once she is reunited with her family, accumulating in her deliberately flinging a water pitcher at Annie; the narrator reveals, Annie gets her breath, the snatches the pitcher away in one hand, hoists Helen up bodily under the other arm, and starts to carry her out, kicking Annie takes Helen to the water pump  to refill the pitcher and it is there the miracle happens as Helen says Wah. Wah (and again with great effort) Wah. Wah' (701). Annie grabs Helen to take her outside to refill the water pitcher and, is rewarded when, once outside, Helen comes to the realization that the letters Annie has been spelling into her hand are indeed the names of the things around her. Helen, although originally furious at being dragged outside, is astounded when she comes to the realization that the things Annie has been tapping into her hand mean water, and she is even able to think back to before her disability when she could say Wah Wah. All of Annies efforts with Helen are finally rewarded when Helen is opened up as she realizes that everything does have a name. Annie succeeds in teaching Helen the meaning of language because she stubbornly battles Captain Keller, Kate, and Helen. Annie knows that Helens worst handicap is not her deafness or blindness, rather that she has been kept as a pet out of her parents love and pity. Captain Keller tries to stop Annie from disciplining Helen, but Annie ferociously demands for him to get out of the way and stop interfering. Annie triumphs over the difficulties she faces and succeeds in her goal of teaching Helen language and opening her up to let the world know the treasures she holds in her imagination.

Personal Counseling: Theory of Change Essay -- Psychology

Over the last 100 years, the underpinning concepts in the fields of psychology and counseling were wrought. Within this period, these concepts have transformed and evolved from somewhat crude conceptions of the psyche toward more holistic interventions and approaches. As the profession continues to move forward, adaptations of the original theorists regarding the nature of man and the development of personality continue to emerge. These adaptations, along with the integration of new concepts and ideas, continue to contribute to the field. The author describes his view of man and human nature, personality development, and explores potential implications for counseling. Nature of Man The work of Sigmund Freud continues to influence contemporary practice, as many of his basic concepts remain the foundation from which other theorists develop. Freud described life instincts, a central tenant of the Freudian approach, as instincts that serve the purpose of survival for man as well as the human race. Glasser’s Choice Theory maintains that human behavior is internally motivated by five genetic impulses. The first noted among these impulses is survival (Skeen, 2002; Wubbolding, 2005). Man is a carnal being, sharing the same defensive and predatory instincts found throughout the animal kingdom. Man has basic needs and is driven towards satisfying them. When examining the development of the human brain, it is known the first portion to develop is the cerebellum. The cerebellum is the seat of human life support systems and our natural instincts. Sharing the fight or flight responses, the experience of apprehension towards looming animals or objects, and a need to live and reproduce are innate. These all may be experienced to differen... ... Journal of Individual Psychology, 38(1), 1-6. Adler, K. A. (1994). Socialist influences on Adlerian psychology. Individual Psychology, 50(2), 131-141. Day, S. X. (2008). Theory and design in counseling and psychology. Boston: Lahaska. Manaster, G. J. (1987). Adlerian theory and movement. Individual Psychology, 43(3), 280-287. Minor, J. (2007). Some reasons why I use REBT in my private practice and personal life. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 320-323. Shaughnessy, M. F., & Mahan, V. (2002). An interview with Albert Ellis about rational emotive behavior therapy. North American Journal of Psychiatry, 4(3), 355-366. Skeen, J. W. (2002). Choice theory, virtue ethics, and the sixth need. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 21(1), 14-19. Wubbolding, R. E. (2005). The power of belonging. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 24(2), 43-44.

Wine History

Brief Exercise 1-3 | | Your answer is correct. | Indicate in which part of the statement of cash flows each item would appear: operating activities, investing activities, or financing activities. (a)| | Operating activities| | Cash received from customers. | | | | | | (b)| | Financing activities| | Cash paid to stockholders (dividends). | | | | | | (c)| | Financing activities| | Cash received from issuing new common stock. | | | | | | (d)| | Operating activities| | Cash paid to suppliers. | | | | | | (e)| | Investing activities| | Cash paid to purchase a new office building. | Brief Exercise 1-6 | Your answer is correct. | Eskimo Pie Corporation markets a broad range of frozen treats, including its famous Eskimo Pie ice cream bars. The following items were taken from a recent income statement and balance sheet. In each case, identify whether the item would appear on the balance sheet or income statement. (a)| | Income Statement| | Income tax expense| | | | | | (b)| | Balance Sheet| | Inventories| | | | | | (c)| | Balance Sheet| | Accounts payable| | | | | | (d)| | Balance Sheet| | Retained earnings| | | | | | (e)| | Balance Sheet| | Property, plant, and equipment| | | | | | f)| | Income Statement| | Net sales| | | | | | (g)| | Income Statement| | Cost of goods sold| | | | | | (h)| | Balance Sheet| | Common stock| | | | | | (i)| | Balance Sheet| | Receivables| | | | | | (j)| | Income Statement| | Interest expense| Brief Exercise 1-7 | | Your answer is correct. | Indicate which statement you would examine to find each of the following items: income statement, balance sheet, retained earnings statement, or statement of cash flows. (a)| | Income statement| | Revenue during the period. | | | | | | (b)| | Balance sheet| | Supplies on hand at the end of the year. | | | | | | c)| | Statement of cash flows| | Cash received from issuing new bonds during the period. | | | | | | (d)| | Balance sheet| | Total debts outstanding at the end of the period. | | | | Brief Exercis e 1-10 | | Your answer is correct. | Indicate whether each of these items is an asset, a liability, or part of stockholders’ equity. (a)| | Asset| | Accounts receivable| | | | | | (b)| | Liability| | Salaries and wages payable| | | | | | (c)| | Asset| | Equipment| | | | | | (d)| | Asset| | Supplies| | | | | | (e)| | Stockholders’ Equity| | Common stock| | | | | | (f)| | Liability| | Notes payable| | Exercise 1-3 | | Your answer is correct. The Fair View Golf & Country Club details the following accounts in its financial statements. (a) Classify each of the following accounts as an asset, liability, stockholders’ equity, revenue, or expense item. (b) Classify each of the following accounts as a financing activity, investing activity, or operating activity. | | (a)| | (b)| Accounts payable| | Liability| | Operating activity| | | | | | Accounts receivable| | Asset| | Operating activity| | | | | | Equipment| | Asset| | Investing activity| | | | | | Sales revenue| | Revenue| | Operating activity| | | | | | Service revenue| | Revenue| | Operating activity| | | | | Inventory| | Asset| | Operating activity| | | | | | Mortgage payable| | Liability| | Financing activity| | | | | | Supplies expense| | Expense| | Operating activity| | | | | | Rent expense| | Expense| | Operating activity| | | | | | Salaries and wages expense| | Expense| | Operating activity| Exercise 1-4 | This information relates to Alexis Co. for the year 2012. Retained earnings, January 1, 2012| | $91,582| Advertising expense| | 2,460| Dividends paid during 2012| | 8,201| Rent expense| | 14,216| Service revenue| | 79,280| Utilities expense| | 3,281| Salaries and wages expense| | 41,007| | | | | | | *(a1) | Your answer is correct. | After analyzing the data, prepare an income statement for the year ending December 31, 2012. ALEXIS CO. Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2012| Revenues| | | | | $ 79280 | Expenses| | | | $ 2460 | | | 14216 | | | 3281 | | | 41007 | | Total Expenses| | 60964 | Net Income / (Loss)| | $ 18316 | | | Attempts: 1 of 5 used | | | | | | *(a2) | | Your answer is correct. | After analyzing the data, prepare a retained earnings statement for the year ending December 31, 2012. (List items that increase retained earnings first. ) ALEXIS CO. Retained Earnings Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2012|Retained Earnings, January 1| $ 91582 | Add: Net Income / (Loss)| 18316 | | 109898 | Less: Dividends| 8201 | Retained Earnings, December 31| $ 101697 | | Exercise 1-6 | Presented here is information for Packee Inc. for 2012. Retained earnings, January 1| | $132,821| Revenue from legal services| | 408,680| Total expenses| | 178,798| Dividends| | 66,411| | | | | | | *(a1) | | Your answer is correct. | Calculate the net income. $ 229882 | | Attempts: 1 of 5 used | | | | | | *(a2) | | Your answer is correct. | Prepare the 2012 retained earnings statement for Packee Inc. (List items that increase retained earnings first. ) PACKEE INC. Retained Earnings Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2012| Retained Earnings, January 1| $ 132821 | Add: Net Income / (Loss)| 229882 | | 362703 | Less: Dividends| $ 66411 | Retained Earnings, December 31| $ 296292 | | Exercise 1-10 | Deer Track Park is a private camping ground near the Lathom Peak Recreation Area. It has compiled the following financial information as of December 31, 2012. Revenues during 2012: camping fees| | $162,796| | Dividends| | $11,101| Revenues during 2012: general store| | 30,833| | Notes payable| | 61,665| Accounts payable| | 13,566| | Expenses during 2012| | 155,396| Cash| | 10,483| | Supplies| | 6,783|Equipment| | 140,596| | Common stock| | 49,332| | | | | Retained earnings (1/1/2012)| | 6,167| | | | | | | *(a) | | Your answer is correct. | Determine Deer Track Park’s net income for 2012. Deer Track Park’s net income for 2012| | $ 38233 | | | Attempts: 1 of 5 used | | | | | | *(b1) | | Your answer is correct. | Prepare a retained ear nings statement for Deer Track Park year ended December 31, 2012. (List items that increase retained earnings first. ) DEER TRACK PARK Retained Earnings Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2012| Retained Earnings, January 1| $ 6167 | Add: Net Income / (Loss)| 38233 | | 44400 |Less: Dividends| 11101 | Retained Earnings, December 31| $ 33299 | | | Attempts: 1 of 5 used | | | | | | *(b2) | | Your answer is correct. | Prepare a balance sheet for Deer Track Park as of December 31, 2012. (List assets in order of liquidity. ) DEER TRACK PARK Balance Sheet December 31, 2012| Assets| | | | | | $ 10483 | | | | | | | 6783 | | | | | | | 140596 | | Total Assets| | | | | $ 157862 | | Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity| Liabilities| | | | | | | | | | $ 13,566 | | | | | | | 61,665 | | | | Total Liabilities| | | | | $ 75231 | | Stockholders' Equity| | | | | | | | | | 49332 | | | | | | | 33299 | | | |Total Stockholders' Equity| | | | | 82631 | | Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity| | | | | $ 157862 | | | Exercise 1-12 | This information is for O’Brien Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2012. Cash received from lenders| | $18,100| Cash received from customers| | 45,610| Cash paid for new equipment| | 29,940| Cash dividends paid| | 6,100| Cash paid to suppliers| | 15,220| Cash balance 1/1/12| | 11,190| | | | | | | *(a) | | Your answer is correct. | Prepare the 2012 statement of cash flows for O’Brien Corporation. (List negative amounts either with a negative sign preceding the number e. . -15,000 or in parenthesis e. g. (15,000). ) O’BRIEN CORPORATION Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2012| Cash flows from operating activities| | | Cash received from customers| $ 45610 | | Cash paid to suppliers| (15220) | | Net cash provided by operating activities| | $ 30390 | | | | Cash flows from investing activities| | | Cash paid for new equipment| (29940) | | Net cash used by investing activities| | (29940) | | | | Cash flo ws from financing activities| | | Cash received from lenders| 18100 | | Cash dividends paid| (6100) | | Net cash provided by financing activities| | 12000 |Net increase in cash| | 12450 | Cash at beginning of period| | 11190 | Cash at end of period| | $ 23640 | | Exercise 1-13 | The following data are derived from the 2009 financial statements of Southwest Airlines. All dollars are in millions. Southwest has a December 31 year-end. Cash balance, January 1, 2009| | $1,390| Cash paid for repayment of debt| | 122| Cash received from issuance of common stock| | 144| Cash received from issuance of long-term debt| | 500| Cash received from customers| | 9,823| Cash paid for property and equipment| | 1,529| Cash paid for dividends| | 14| Cash paid for repurchase of common stock| | 1,001|Cash paid for goods and services| | 6,978| | | | | | | (a) | | Your answer is correct. | After analyzing the data, prepare a statement of cash flows for Southwest Airlines for the year ended December 31, 200 9. (List negative amounts either with a negative sign preceding the number e. g. -15,000 or in parenthesis e. g. (15,000). ) SOUTHWEST AIRLINES Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2009 (in millions)| Cash flows from operating activities| | | Cash received from customers| $ 9823 | | Cash paid for goods and services| (6978) | | Net cash provided by operating activities| | $ 2845 | | | Cash flows from investing activities| | | Cash paid for property and equipment| (1529) | | Net cash used by investing activities| | (1529) | | | | Cash flows from financing activities| | | Cash received from issuance of common stock| 144 | | Cash received from issuance of long-term debt| 500 | | Cash paid for repayment of debt| (122) | | Cash paid for repurchase of common stock| (1001) | | Cash paid for dividends| (14) | | Net cash used by financing activities| | (493) | Net increase in cash| | 823 | Cash at beginning of period| | 1390 | Cash at end of period| | $ 2213 | | Problem 1-3 A On June 1, Beardsley Service Co. was started with an initial investment in the company of $22,450 cash. Here are the assets and liabilities of the company at June 30, and the revenues and expenses for the month of June, its first month of operations: Cash| | $ 5,362| | Notes payable| | $13,524| Accounts receivable| | 4,257| | Accounts payable| | 757| Service revenue| | 8,262| | Supplies expense| | 1,015| Supplies| | 2,385| | Maintenance and repairs expense| | 615| Advertising expense| | 400| | Utilities expense| | 285| Equipment| | 26,762| | Salaries and wages expense| | 2,162|In June, the company issued no additional stock, but paid dividends of $1,750. | | | | | | *(a1) | | Your answer is correct. | Prepare an income statement for the month of June. BEARDSLEY SERVICE CO. Income Statement For the Month Ended June 30, 2012| Revenues| | | | | $ 8262 | Expenses| | | | $ 1015 | | | 285 | | | 2162 | | | 400 | | | 615 | | Total Expenses| | 4477 | Net Income / (Loss)| | $ 3785 | | | Att empts: 2 of 5 used | | | | | | *(a2) | | Your answer is correct. | Prepare a retained earnings statement for the month of June. (List items that increase retained earnings first. BEARDSLEY SERVICE CO. Retained Earnings Statement For the Month Ended June 30, 2012| Retained Earnings, June 1| $ 0 | Add: Net Income / (Loss)| 3785 | | 3785 | Less: Dividends| 1750 | Retained Earnings, June 30| $ 2035 | | | Attempts: 3 of 5 used | | | | | | *(a3) | | Your answer is correct. | Prepare a balance sheet at June 30, 2012. (List assets in order of liquidity. ) BEARDSLEY SERVICE CO. Balance Sheet June 30, 2012| Assets| | | | | | $ 5362 | | | | | | | 4257 | | | | | | | 2385 | | | | | | | 26762 | | Total Assets| | | | | $ 38766 | | Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity|Liabilities| | | | | | | | | | $ 13524 | | | | | | | 757 | | | | Total Liabilities| | | | | $ 14281 | | Stockholders' Equity| | | | | | | | | | 22450 | | | | | | | 2035 | | | | Total Stockholders' Equity| | | | | 24485 | | Total Liabi lities and Stockholders' Equity| | | | | $ 38766 | | | Problem 1-4A | Presented below is selected financial information for Yvonne Corporation for December 31, 2012. Inventory| | $ 25,600| | Cash paid to purchase equipment| | $ 11,010| Cash paid to suppliers| | 103,180| | Equipment| | 42,710| Building| | 200,000| | Revenues| | 100,360|Common stock| | 50,470| | Cash received from customers| | 132,620| Cash dividends paid| | 6,620| | Cash received from issuing common stock| | 22,080| | | | | | | *(a) | | Your answer is correct. | Prepare the statement of cash flows for Yvonne Corporation. (List negative amounts either with a negative sign preceding the number e. g. -15,000 or in parenthesis e. g. (15,000). ) YVONNE CORPORATION Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2012| Cash flows from operating activities| | | Cash received from customers| $ 132620 | |Cash paid to suppliers| (103180) | | Net cash provided by operating activities| | $ 29440 | | | | Cash flows from in vesting activities| | | Cash paid to purchase equipment| (11010) | | Net cash used by investing activities| | (11010) | | | | Cash flows from financing activities| | | Cash received from issuing common stock| 22080 | | Cash dividends paid| (6620) | | Net cash provided by financing activities| | 15460 | Net increase in cash| | $ 33890 | | *Brief Exercise 1-8 | | Your answer is correct. | Use the basic accounting equation to answer these questions. a) The liabilities of Daley Company are $94,430 and the stockholders’ equity is $266,600. What is the amount of Daley Company’s total assets? Total assets| | $ 361030 | (b) The total assets of Laven Company are $175,700 and its stockholders’ equity is $81,800. What is the amount of its total liabilities? Total liabilities| | $ 93900 | (c) The total assets of Peterman Co. are $910,700 and its liabilities are equal to one fourth of its total assets. What is the amount of Peterman Co. ’s stockholders’ equity? Stockholders’ equity| | $ 683025 | | | Question Attempts: 1 of 5 used | |

Motivation Essay Essay

Civil Engineering is my passion and a very important part of my life. From the very beginning of my school life I was intrigued in various types of structures and its complication from engineering side. In time this desire was growing and I start being interested in construction processes and especially in different structural solutions. My mind was overfilled with questions such as how process of construction design runs, what are the reasons why some of structures sustain more loads while other ones collapse affected with lower loads. So I dedicated my post-secondary education to search the answers which allows me to understand how the engineering science works. And I made the right decision by choosing Civil Engineering studies. It was a key which unlocked the right doors to get the answers that I needed. During my Bachelor studies I was interested in design branch and especially in Structural Design. It has admired me because of its complication and oneness. None of the other sphere requires such a wide range of knowledge and none of them is as universal engineering specialization as the Structural Design is. Furthermore, Structural Design studies in TU/e provide the possibility to do research project what is a chance to explore and gain understanding in the structural design of structures and the aspects of the design process. Due to these reasons I would like to take the Architecture, Building and Planning programme because one of its specializations is Structural Design. After taking decision that it is time to continue my education I started exploration of Western Europe universities and I found out that TU/e is the best option to fulfill my needs. TU/e is a great choice because of its objective to grow up creative, initiative and independent thinking experts. Furthermore, this university cooperates with international companies and universities and can offer many MSc programm es in English what demonstrates that TU/e is oriented towards exchanging international knowledge and experience. The other aspect I chose TU/e is its worldwide reputation and ranking among world’s top technical universities. This fact enthuse me and it would be such an honour to study in one of the best Technical universities in the world and get lots of knowledge from authoritative and meritorious professors. Furthermore, TU/e is well known because of its research institutes and that students are taking responsibility of impressive projects. Young engineers have a chance to express their creativity and innovation. I believe that opportunity to  participate in educational life of such an outstanding university is an ambition of all engineers. In conclusion, the facts such as great rankings among the world’s best technical universities, high level professors and leading position in research inspired me to take MSc programme in TU/e. I have no doubts I made the right decision. The master’s studies of chosen programme are the best way to seek the goals of my career. I believe in it due to the circumstance that there are a lot of educated but not enough experienced engineers in Lithuania. So only the best of them are able to compete for the most sought-after and perspective positions. Whereas I am ambitious person I want to become one of the most professional, desirable and promising engineer for engineering companies. So I would like to continue purposeful studies and to advance knowledge of my previous degree what could help me to perform in more professional way. Considering my personal features such as a strong will to learn and activity on taking participation in diverse educational projects I daresay that I will be adorable student for your university and your professors. Furthermore, I believe that I and these master’s studies we are great match due to the feature of my character that I cannot face up with myself when I have unsolved problems and the attribute of these studies to be challenging. This feature of my character shows that I will be persistent and committed student. With a foundation of academic knowledge and experience I gained during the years of my bachelor studies, I believe I am qualified for the Master’s degree of Architecture, Building and Planning, specialization Structural Engineering. I am convinced that TU/e will provide me with knowledge, experience and confidence for the future. I think that this programme matches perfectly with my academic expectations and offers the best way to make my goals come true.

15 SAT Tips to Improve Your SAT Score

15 SAT Tips to Improve Your SAT Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Improving your score on the SAT isn’t always easy, but it might be a little easier than you think if you use these tips! They're not necessarily magical, but here are 15 tips and tricks for different sections of the SAT to help you improve your scores with minimal extra study time. Writing Tip #1: Choose Succinct Answers The most concise answer choice is usually the correct answer to most SAT Writing questions that ask you to revise a portion of a sentence. High quality writing doesn't use unnecessary extra words that could make the statement unclear. Tip #2: Tread Carefully with â€Å"NO CHANGE† Answers Most questions on SAT Writing give you the option of choosing â€Å"NO CHANGE† as an answer.This can be a very dangerous choice if you’re shaky on grammar rules.If you don’t see any errors in the sentence right off the bat, you will probably be tempted to choose â€Å"NO CHANGE†. Double check yourself before you do this! If you notice that more than one in four questions seem to be â€Å"NO CHANGE†, then you might be missing something.Reread the other possibilities to yourself, and make sure you’re not overlooking any grammar errors. Essay Tip #3: It's Not About You The SAT Essay is all about analyzing another person's argument. Don't start giving your opinion on the topic or letting your perspective creep too much into your writing. Focus solely on how the author builds his or her argument. It's best to come up with three different techniques the author uses that are supported by concrete evidence. Then, structure your essay around describing those techniques. Write at least two pages to ensure that your essay thoroughly covers all the relevant points. Tip #4: Write an Intro with a Clear Thesisand a Conclusion When a grader looks at your essay, the first thing they want to see is that you’ve answered the prompt clearly and logically.This is why it’s so important that you write an introduction in which you spell out your thesis and outline how your essay will be structured.This will show the graders that you are capable of organizing your thoughts and know how to write effectively. You should also be sure to write a conclusion to wrap up all the points you made in your essay.Once again, this shows that you are able to organize your thoughts and bring your examples together to formulate a coherent opinion.The first and last paragraphs of your essay are disproportionately important to graders, so you should always devote a good chunk of your time to making them awesome. Everything is awesome! Especially your introduction and conclusion on your SAT essay! Am I right? Wait please don't leave... Reading Tip #5: Skim Passages This tip applies to most people. If you’re a very fast and thorough reader, you might be able to read passages closely without a problem.If you struggle with time pressure, however, I would recommend skimming the passages instead.You’ll save time and shouldn’t have much more difficulty answering the questions if you skim strategically. An effective skimming strategy is to read the introduction and conclusion paragraphs of the passage and the first and last sentences of every paragraph.You should be able to get a good sense of the main points of the passage and answer any big picture questions you come across after skimming this way.When you get to detail questions, you can go back and read specific parts of the passage closely on a question-by-question basis. Tip #6: Read Passage Introductions Many students are tempted to skip the little blurbs before SAT reading passages because they don’t seem important.This is a mistake! They can help you by providing context for the information in the passage. Often, these blurbs will tell you the setting, the name of the main character, or key details about when it was written and for what purpose.This can be extremely helpful when you’re trying to get your bearings on new reading material.Especially if you plan on skimming the passage or skipping straight to the questions, you should always read the italics! Tip #7: Use Process of Elimination This applies to all sections of the SAT, but I find that it’s especially important on the Reading section. This section has many questions that can be mistakenly interpreted to be subjective, so they choose an answer that they should have eliminated. The only correct answers are the answers that are supported by direct evidence in the passage or the sentence you’re referencing.All other answers will have something definitively wrong with them. In using process of elimination, you'll learn to be very picky about what constitutes an accurate answer, which is the secret to beating the test.See my article on the fundamental strategy of SAT Reading for a more in-depth look at how this works! Tip #8: Find the Evidence Questions Are Your Friends Find the evidence questions can help you detect incorrect answers and understand the reasoning behind correct answers. These types of questions refer to the previous question you answered, asking you to identify which quote from the passage provides the best evidence for your answer. By reading through the options for find the evidence questions, you can determine whether your answer to the previous question makes sense. Can you form a logical bridge between one of the choices and your previous response? If not, you should reexamine your response to the previous question in conjunction with the evidence options. Math Tip #9: Use the Diagrams On SAT Math questions, specifically geometry-related questions, you're often provided with diagrams that depict the problem you’re expectedto solve.These diagrams aren't just there for show. You canuse them to make logical deductions about which answers make sense and which don’t. Paying attention to what you see in a diagram might allow you to eliminate a couple of answer choices without even doing any calculations. Tip #10: Underline Your Goal A major pitfall for students on SAT Math is that they solve for the wrong values.This is a frustrating mistake to make, but it’s easily fixable. If you come across a question that includes multiple variables or dimensions, underline what it is that you need to solve for so you don’t get lost in your calculations.The SAT loves to provide wrong answers that students might pick if they only get halfway through their calculations or accidentally solve for a different variable.Don’t fall for them! Tip #: Plug in Answer Choices Plugging in answer choices is a key strategy in the Math section.If you’re not sure whether your answer to a question is correct, plug it in and see if it works.It's the easiest and most foolproof way to check your responses. You can also use this method to solve problems if you have time. Just plug in all the possible answer choices, and see which one fits.The advantage of multiple choice is that the correct answer is always right in front of you, even if you’re not sure which one it is yet. Overall Tip #12: Skip Tough Questions If you want to stop running out of time on the SAT, you need to learn to skip questions that are taking up too much of your time.How much time is too much? It depends on the section. Reading: 45 seconds Writing: 30 seconds Math: 60 seconds If you find yourself struggling with a question, move on and come back to it later. You can circle it if you want to make it easier to spot on your second pass through the section.Don't miss out on easier questions later on in the section because you got stuck on one toughie.Skipping a difficult question that you might not have gotten right anyways will damage your score far less than missing a bunch of questions at the end of the section. Tip #13: Double Check You should do your best to finish with extra time on every section of the SAT and double check your answers.If you’re even slightly unsure about a question, put a star next to it so that you’ll know to pay special attention to it when you double check your answers at the end. If you have enough time, double check all of your answers to control for careless mistakes. Even though it's tempting to take a rest at the end of the section, you'll thank yourself later if you find any easily fixable errors. Tip #14: Bubble at the End This is something that not many people think to do but is actually very helpful in saving a couple minutes of time per section.Waiting until the end of the section to bubble in all your answers means eliminating the annoying hassle of switching between your test booklet and answer sheet constantly.Circle your answers in the test booklet so you can easily record them on your answer sheet later. One caveat: Only use this tip if you can consistently finish each section of the SAT with at least two minutes to spare. You don’t want to end up solving all the questions but leaving your answer sheet blank! Tip #15: DEEP BREATHS Keeping a cool head on the SAT is essential.Test anxiety can have a severe impact on your scores, and it’s especially easy to fall victim to it if you’re shooting for a high score goal.If you have to skip a question, don’t let it derail you - just keep going. Answer whatever questions you can, and don’t get distracted by worries about your ultimate scores.Try to stay in the moment. If you don’t do as well as you hoped this time, it’s not the end of the world! The end of the world IS coming, though. Don't forget that. Review Use these 15 tips and tricks to help you quickly boost your score on the SAT! Writing 1. Choose the Most Succinct Answer2. Be Careful with â€Å"No Error† Answers Essay 3. Remember: It's Not About You4. Write an Intro and Conclusion Reading 5. Skim Passages6. Read Passage Introductions7. Use Process of Elimination8. Find the Evidence Questions Are Your Friends Math 9. Use the Diagrams10. Underline Key Points. Plug in Answer Choices Overall 12. Skip Tough Questions13. Double Check14. Bubble at the End15. Take Deep Breaths Tips won’t get you everywhere, and if you’re looking for big improvements, you should still be studying hard and using more in-depth strategies. The advice in this article is just here to give you the little extra boost you need to reach your full score potential! What's Next? Now that you've learned some quick tips for each section of the test, take a look at our more in-depth study stategies for SAT Reading, Writing, and Math. You should also check out our complete SAT study planso you can stay on the right track with your test prep! If your SAT test date is coming up soon, check out this list of the most important last minute strategy guides you need to read to get through the test. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Sin in Scarlet Letter essays

Sin in Scarlet Letter essays Hawthorne, the author of The Scarlet Letter, uses sin in his novel as the main theme. Each of the main characters; Hester Pryne, Roger Chillingworth, and Arthur Dimmesdale, have sinned in the novel. Hesters sin was committing adultery, Dimmesdales sin was that he covered up the fact that he and Hester had an affair and Chillingworths sin was marrying a younger woman which then turns into greater sins. Hester Pryne, the lead female character in this novel, is a strong and loveable woman. Due to Hesters sin, adultery, she has to wear a scarlet A on her chest. Hester does not cover up her sin in the novel, she openly appreciates the letter because she knows that her sin was not done in order to hurt others, but because of her love for Dimmesdale. She wore the letter proudly and it was elaborately designed. Hesters sin was not the worst committed among the other characters in the novel, it is the basis for the novel yet she has recompense for her sin. Hesters character grows stronger throughout the novel because of her sin; unlike Dimmesdale and Chillingworth whose sins cause the downfall of their characters. In The Scarlet Letter Dimmesdale is weak and portrayed as a cowardly character. He is also a selfish character because while Hester is up on the scaffold confessing her adultery, Dimmesdale stands and does not confess himself. He does this in order to save himself, although his sin led to the downfall of his character. Dimmesdale is so caught up in his own guilt that he does not realize that he is hurting himself over it and making himself sick because he will not confess. Although he does try to plead with Hester while she is on the scaffold and he asks her to speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer! it does not work and Dimmesdale still has the guilt cast over him. This affects his life greatly, his sermons have become tor ...

Ancient Egyptian Cuisine and Food Habits

Ancient Egyptian Cuisine and Food Habits Among the ancient civilizations, Egyptians enjoyed better foods than most did, thanks to the presence of the Nile River flowing through most of settled  Egypt, fertilizing the land with periodic flooding and providing a source of water for irrigating crops and watering livestock. The proximity of Egypt to the Middle East made trade easy, and hence Egypt enjoyed foodstuffs from foreign countries as well, and their cuisine was heavily influenced by outside eating habits.   The diet of the ancient Egyptians depended on their social position and wealth. Tomb paintings, medical treatises, and archaeology reveal a variety of foods. Peasants and slaves would, of course, eat a limited diet, including the staples of bread and beer, complemented by dates, vegetables, and pickled and salted fish, but the wealthy had a much larger range to choose from. For wealthy Egyptians, available food choices were easily as broad as they are for many people in the modern world.   Grains Barley, spelt,  or emmer wheat provided the basic material for bread, which was leavened by sourdough or yeast. Grains were mashed and fermented for beer, which was not so much a recreational drink as a means of creating a safe beverage from river waters that were not always clean. Ancient Egyptians consumed a great deal of beer, mostly brewed from barley.   The annual flooding of plains alongside the Nile and other rivers made the soils quite fertile for growing grain crops, and the rivers themselves were channeled with irrigation ditches to water crops and sustain domestic animals. In ancient times, the Nile River Valley, especially the upper delta region, was by no means a desert landscape.   Wine Grapes were grown for wine. Grape cultivation was adopted from other parts of the Mediterranean in about 3,000 BCE, with Egyptians modifying practices to their local climate. Shade structures were commonly used, for example, to protect grapes from the intense Egyptian sun. Ancient Egyptian wines were primarily reds and were probably used mostly for ceremonial purposes for the upper classes. Scenes carved in ancient pyramids and temples show scenes of wine-making. For common people, beer was a more typical drink.   Fruit and Vegetables Vegetables cultivated and consumed by ancient Egyptians included onions, leeks, garlic, and lettuce. Legumes included lupines, chickpeas, broad beans, and lentils. Fruit included melon, fig, date, palm coconut, apple, and pomegranate. The carob was used medicinally and, perhaps, for food. Animal Protein Animal protein was a less common food for ancient Egyptians than it is for most modern consumers. Hunting was somewhat rare, though it was pursued by commoners for sustenance and by the wealthy for sport.  Domesticated animals, including oxen, sheep, goats, and swine, provided dairy products, meat, and by-products, with blood from sacrificial animals used for blood sausages, and beef and pork fat used for cooking. Pigs, sheep, and goats provided most meat consumed; beef was considerably more expensive and was consumed by commoners only for celebratory or ritual meals. Beef was eaten more regularly by royalty.   Fish caught in the Nile River provided an important source of protein for poor people and was eaten less frequently by the wealthy, who had greater access to domesticated pigs, sheep, and goats.   There is also evidence the poorer Egyptians consumed rodents, such as mice and hedgehogs, in recipes calling for them to be baked. Geese, ducks, quail, pigeons, and pelicans were available as fowl, and their eggs were also eaten. Goose fat was also used for cooking. Chickens, however, seem to have not been present in ancient Egypt until the 4th or 5th centuries BCE.   Oils and Spices Oil was derived from ben-nuts. There were also sesame, linseed and castor oils. Honey was available as a sweetener, and vinegar may have also been used. Seasonings included salt, juniper, aniseed, coriander, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, and poppyseed.

CONTEMPORARY DOCUMENTARY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CONTEMPORARY DOCUMENTARY - Essay Example Numerous naturalists and every living creatures common sense entitlement activists acknowledge Disney for raising their sympathy toward the earth (Van Riper 181). Anyhow, this gratefulness has not been conveyed in a quality free bundle. From the beginning, Disneys tendency movies have upheld the idea that the characteristic worlds boss quality lies in the benefit that modern culture can remove from it. At first, this backing took the type of straightforward paeans to the honorability of logging, mining and urban improvement. Presently, in the midst of the expanding commodification of everything from tribal myth to basmati rice, the worth removed from nature is the privilege to characterize nature. Disney desires that privilege and will pick up it at our hazard. Very little other than insight into the past recognizes the organizations initial work from its ancestors and rivals. Where nature showed up, it was in its customary part of the destructive danger, or as humanoid cartoon creatures (Van Riper 148). It was not until Bambi (1942) that Disney discovered the structure on which his later nature works would hang. Instead of living clearly human lives, wearing garments, managing a furrow or in charge of a steamboat, the creatures in Bambi were far closer to the genuine article. They were not people; that part was saved for the films scalawag. They were, notwithstanding, individuals. So that the passing of Bambis mom because of the Hunter is plainly killed. Bambi was the model for Disneys later nature work, most outstandingly the Genuine Life Adventures, a progression of what were inexactly alluded to as documentaries, set in environments from the Sonoran Desert to the Canadian tundra (Van Riper 166) Winged Migration (2001) is an outwardly staggering "narrative enterprise" that takes a few groups of feathered creatures on their occasional transitory excursions. Despite the fact that the

Natural Resources and Energy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Natural Resources and Energy Paper - Essay Example The use of fuel wood in both industrial and domestic use is a major contributor to desertification and reduction of the forest cover (Department of sustainability Environment, WaterPopulation and Communities, 2009, p. 23). Likewise, the increase of population puts pressure on the existing forests. Human population growth is a factor affecting forest cover across the world. Human population has grown to reach seven billion in 2008, which is exerting pressure on the forests and the agricultural land. The growth of population has affected some species of wildlife and plants making them endangered. For instance, some wildlife and plants have been considered extinct because of over-exploitation or encroachment on their natural habitat. Encroachment on the natural habitat of the plants and wildlife is a major concern in the conservation efforts across the world. In spite of the efforts to conserve the forests, challenges exist in the society on the best approaches to conservation and prote ction of the natural habitat. The demand for land for establishment of towns and cities due to population growth is alarming and the challenge is made worse by the increasing need for energy supply. The development of renewable energy sources is vital for the development of sustainable forests. It will reduce reliance of wood fuel and fossil fuel. In addition, it reduces air pollution by reducing carbon emission. The best form of energy is hydrogenation which involves the use of water to generate electricity. It is environmentally friendly and encourages protection and conservation of the forest. The energy is considered renewable and effective because it has zero carbon emission. The success of hydro-generation depends on the availability of the water and height. Other energy sources that are environmentally friendly include solar and wind energy (McGrath, 2009). Together with hydro energy, wind and solar energy should be

WEEK 3 DISCUSSION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WEEK 3 DISCUSSION - Essay Example Porter is clear in explaining that because a company is profitable and effective at a given moment; that is not necessarily the benchmark of how a company will perform in the future. Like science’s description of life on Earth, the corporation must continually evolve and become more efficient as it maintains a keen eye on its competitors. Most economists like to use the Japanese as a business model when it comes to efficiency and profitability. True the country’s top businesses seized upon a time period where Western companies seemed to be asleep at the switch. Yet their competition has seized upon strategy and in a sense is beating the country’s businesses at their own game and it appears several decades later that the opposition is winning (Porter). In using the Japanese model, Harvard Business Review points out that in 1970 Komatsu was a tiny bulldozer company hardly known outside Japan and had a minute sales fraction of Caterpillar, the American giant in the industry. Fifteen years later, Komatsu had expanded to a $2.8 billion company with as many product lines as their mammoth opposition. As well, they had expanded into the emerging industrial robotics area (Hamel). Did Caterpillar concern themselves with Komatsu in 1970? It is doubtful but had they done a Strategic Intent analysis at the time, they may not have had such a tremendous slice of profit removed in 1985. In a sense, Albani Perfumes is the current Goliath in its market of Latin America. With current sales of $10 million, it is still a relatively small company but has managed to do well against its current competitors. Yet as discussed in Week 2, China is making headway into the market with knockoff perfumes. It could probably be argued that Albani would not win a trade war with the world’s fastest growing economy and this would be rated at zero, Strong Negative

DISCUSSION BOARD WEEK 6-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DISCUSSION BOARD WEEK 6-1 - Essay Example Qualitative Market Research, 14(4), 430-440. The main aspect of qualitative research method is the definition of research questions (Branthwaite, & Patterson, 2011). Qualitative methods are based on tested variables and hypothesis within the area of interest. Thus, qualitative research is based on a general research question, which can be narrowed down to the preferred research question. In addition, qualitative researchers are interested in exploring patterns that defines different research variables. Identifying patterns that define different research variables is the interesting element of qualitative research. This is because a qualitative researcher is capable of responding to research questions that cannot be addressed through the usual research techniques. This article provides basic guidelines for choosing appropriate design for my research topic. For instance, the article addresses design of research hypothesis and questions. Butler, A. C. (2010). Repeated testing produces s uperior transfer of learning relative to repeated studying. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory & Cognition, 36(5), 1118-1133. According to Butler (2010), qualitative research question are created in neutral and exploratory language. This enables researchers to define several variables through a single research question. ... Qualitative research address question of ‘what’ and ‘how’. These questions explain or explore a certain pattern that is related to social behavior or trend. The article provide a concrete basis for development of research questions. Ring, N., Jepson, R., & Ritchie, K. (2011). Methods of synthesizing qualitative research studies for health technology assessment. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 27(4), 384-90. Ring, Jepson, & Ritchie (2011), explores the impacts of technology on research. The researchers explore ways in which information technology can be applied in social research. Although the study is based on health assessments, it provides a general overview of qualitative research and its application. According to the article, qualitative research has the ability to respond to research questions that cannot be answered using alternative research methods. The article examines the role of technology in cubing Medicare fraud. A ccording Ring, Jepson, & Ritchie (2011), application of information technology in healthcare centers and institutions will greatly reduce cases of Medicare fraud. Jacobson, P. D (2001). Regulating Health Care: From Self-Regulation to Self-Regulation?  Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law. 26 (5) 1165–78. Jacobson, P. D (2001) explore the role of the authority in regulating the health sector through appropriate ethical practices. According to the article medical fraud, signify unethical performance within health institutions. The article explores the role of healthcare professional in regulating the health sector. The article defines the different trends that characterize Medicare fraud. This provides a significant aspect

Reflectiv Writing - The Impact of the Voice of Judgment as a Barrier Assignment

Reflectiv Writing - The Impact of the Voice of Judgment as a Barrier to Moving Through the U - Assignment Example As leaders move from the downward side of the U, they are connected to a world which is outside their institutional bubbles. The movement up the other side of the U brings forth a new experience to the world. In this journey, the bottom section bears a gate which requires a person to drop anything that is not essentially to leadership and their duties as leaders. This is a process of letting go of one’s ego and self and letting come the new future possibilities. The journey is however not an easy one as it experiences a lot of barriers. One of the common barriers is the voice of judgment. Journeying through the U requires seven leadership capacities with the second one being observation. This leadership capacity calls for an open mind. To be able to achieve this, the leader must suspend his voice of judgment. It is only through it that an individual and a leader will be able to move from projection to true observation. According to Kidder (2005), various leadership failures are as a result of the struggle between letting go and holding on. It, therefore, requires one to confront his or herself with very difficult yet purposeful choice of having an open mind. It takes a lot of courage for this to happen. When the line has been crossed, an individual enter into the sense of their true nature and are able to heed to the call of leadership. They then undergo the death/ rebirth and start a journey into restructuring of their egos to emerge as freer leaders (Bennis, Goleman, & O’Toole, 2008). This is a journey and a process that not only make them soulful but also creative and innovative. When the gate is crossed and the voice suspended the individual’s inner flame for creative change and ability to move forward is boosted. Bennis, Goleman & O’Toole (2008) state that majority of the leaders do not recognize the potential of what they are faced with because they excessively dwell on the past trend that they are used to. Working as a work shop

DISCUSSION BOARD WEEK 6-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DISCUSSION BOARD WEEK 6-1 - Essay Example Qualitative Market Research, 14(4), 430-440. The main aspect of qualitative research method is the definition of research questions (Branthwaite, & Patterson, 2011). Qualitative methods are based on tested variables and hypothesis within the area of interest. Thus, qualitative research is based on a general research question, which can be narrowed down to the preferred research question. In addition, qualitative researchers are interested in exploring patterns that defines different research variables. Identifying patterns that define different research variables is the interesting element of qualitative research. This is because a qualitative researcher is capable of responding to research questions that cannot be addressed through the usual research techniques. This article provides basic guidelines for choosing appropriate design for my research topic. For instance, the article addresses design of research hypothesis and questions. Butler, A. C. (2010). Repeated testing produces s uperior transfer of learning relative to repeated studying. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory & Cognition, 36(5), 1118-1133. According to Butler (2010), qualitative research question are created in neutral and exploratory language. This enables researchers to define several variables through a single research question. ... Qualitative research address question of ‘what’ and ‘how’. These questions explain or explore a certain pattern that is related to social behavior or trend. The article provide a concrete basis for development of research questions. Ring, N., Jepson, R., & Ritchie, K. (2011). Methods of synthesizing qualitative research studies for health technology assessment. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 27(4), 384-90. Ring, Jepson, & Ritchie (2011), explores the impacts of technology on research. The researchers explore ways in which information technology can be applied in social research. Although the study is based on health assessments, it provides a general overview of qualitative research and its application. According to the article, qualitative research has the ability to respond to research questions that cannot be answered using alternative research methods. The article examines the role of technology in cubing Medicare fraud. A ccording Ring, Jepson, & Ritchie (2011), application of information technology in healthcare centers and institutions will greatly reduce cases of Medicare fraud. Jacobson, P. D (2001). Regulating Health Care: From Self-Regulation to Self-Regulation?  Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law. 26 (5) 1165–78. Jacobson, P. D (2001) explore the role of the authority in regulating the health sector through appropriate ethical practices. According to the article medical fraud, signify unethical performance within health institutions. The article explores the role of healthcare professional in regulating the health sector. The article defines the different trends that characterize Medicare fraud. This provides a significant aspect

Portfolio on recruitment and selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Portfolio on recruitment and selection - Essay Example I was particularly intrigued by psychometric testing as the selection is based on judgment of personality (Lecture r_s n.d.). Recruitment and selection is one of the most important decisions every employer has to take. The most important resource any organization can have is the human resource. I learnt from the slides that it takes the â€Å"right† people to deliver the products and/or services at the right time and with the desired quality standard. Recruitment is a laborious process and the human resource department (HRD) cannot be quick with it without subjecting the organization in general and HRD in particular to significant losses. I learnt in the HiTec case study that two mediums that are generally used by organizations to advertise new positions for recruitment include advertising in newspapers and rendering the services of recruiting agents. Both methods have their own deficiencies. While highly talented professionals are generally too busy and satisfied with their current firms to even bother looking at the ads in the newspapers, recruiting agents charge the employers a lot and are capabl e of luring the employees into other opportunities few weeks or months after their recruitment with the employer. I would advise HiTec to establish a separate department of training that would look into the latest market skills’ needs and prepare short-term highly informative courses for the workforce. This is a more cost-effective strategy for HiTec rather than constantly recruiting new employees. It takes a lot of time, money, and effort to conduct the recruitment process. After the first challenge of getting the applicants is overcome, next comes the challenge of sifting through hundreds, and sometimes, thousands of resumes to shortlist the candidates for interview (Taylor n.d.). Many of the shortlisted candidates have bragged about their skills and competencies in their resumes and are not able to perform the

Sexual Harrrasment Policy Essay Example for Free

Sexual Harrrasment Policy Essay Abstract Sexual harassment is any behavior that is unwelcomed by an employee or affects the dignity or work performance of any employee at work. Sexual harassment can be unwelcome sexual advances, disparaging or insulting remarks, verbal or physical conduct of an improper nature. This paper is based on research of different company’s harassment policy by team members to access the basic components of sexual harassment policy and complain procedure and how effective it is according to the EEOC. Findings indicated that most of the company’s sexual harassment and complain policy is in according to the EEOC. The results were that one of the company’s policies was found to be rather vague and the other results were that the policy and complain procedure was clear and thorough. Finally, this paper will outline the basic elements on sexual harassment policies of different companies and what they contain. Sexual Harassment Policy 3 Sexual harassment is any behavior that is unwanted by an employee or affects the dignity or work performance of any employee at work. Sexual harassment is illegal and wrongful. Sexual harassment should be prohibited in the workplace. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) defines sexual harassment as â€Å" unwelcomed sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment, submission to or rejections of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual or such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating intimidating, hostile or offensive working environment. † If an individual performs any form of conduct that will interfere with an employee’s job performance or create a hostile environment should be illegal and unaccepted in the workplace. Employers should maintain a safe and healthy work environment for their employees. The company is to maintain a work environment free of all forms of harassment and insist all employees be treated with dignity, respect, and courtesy. There are a lot of sexual harassment policies that are located on the different websites, and on employee’s information board. The policy should be accessible to all employees to view at any time. If an employee cannot find their company’s sexual harassment policy, they can contact their HR Director for a copy of the policy. And your supervisor or your manager can, also, help you to locate your company’s sexual harassment policy. The sexual harassment policy for most of the companies that were researched met the basic components as listed by the EEOC. In the state of California, they are very strict when it comes Sexual Harassment Policy 4 to sexual harassment and you could be fired and could have charges brought up on you. One of the companies’s maintained a zero tolerance policy for both sexual harassment and for retaliation. And the company prohibits retaliation against anyone for reporting discriminating activity, registering a complaint pursuant to the policy, assisting in making discrimination complaint or cooperating in an investigation. Another company protects the rights and confidentiality of the employee that has filed harassment claims and is resolved in a timely manner. This company also has complaint procedures to resolve complaints at the lowest levels and when they are advised of complain the company deems resolution and follows the appropriate steps and action to resolve complaint. Employers are legally obligated to take steps to prevent discrimination and harassment and to investigate and act quickly if a complaint is made (England, 2012). But, one company’s policy wasn’t very detailed, it only detailed that sexual harassment will not be tolerated against employees. And the company’s policy did not contain the steps that one need to file a complaint, the company did not give a clear definition and didn’t guarantee the confidentiality of the victim. It is the managers and supervisors responsibility to adhere to, implement and enforce the policies that their company have in place to prevent harassment in the workplace. In one of the company’s policy it stated that the managers and supervisors have as one of their responsibilities is to promote a harassment-free environment. So, at this company their policy is being enforced. Sexual harassment policy should be communicated in the workplace at least once a year through proper training. And during these training sessions, you should train employees on what sexual harassment is and what rights they have as employees. And promote to them that they have a right to a safe, healthy workplace free of sexual harassment. And companies should make Sexual Harassment Policy 5 sure that this policy is explained by HR upon being hired. As an HR professional, these policies should be displayed in a visual area where employees may view. HR can have team meetings with the managers reinforcing the importance of these policies that they need to implement at their workplace and review the company’s complaint procedure and encourage employees to use it. Sexual harassment is any behavior that is unwanted by an employee or affects the dignity or work performance of nay employee should not be prohibited in the workplace. Sexual Harassment Policy 6 References: Brady, B. (206) Practical Human Resources Tips, News Advice. HR Daily Advisor England, Deboah C. (2012) Preventing Employment Discrimination and Sexual Harassment. Johnson, David R (2013). An Employees Guide to Preventing Sexual Harassment Claims. Pg. 3 www. eeoc. gov/policy Sexual Harassment Policy 1 Sexual Harassment Policy 2 Abstract Sexual harassment is any behavior that is unwelcomed by an employee or affects the dignity or work performance of any employee at work. Sexual harassment can be unwelcome sexual advances, disparaging or insulting remarks, verbal or physical conduct of an improper nature. This paper is based on research of different company’s harassment policy by team members to access the basic components of sexual harassment policy and complain procedure and how effective it is according to the EEOC. Findings indicated that most of the company’s sexual harassment and complain policy is in according to the EEOC. The results were that one of the company’s policies was found to be rather vague and the other results were that the policy and complain procedure was clear and thorough. Finally, this paper will outline the basic elements on sexual harassment policies of different companies and what they contain. Sexual Harassment Policy 3 Sexual harassment is any behavior that is unwanted by an employee or affects the dignity or work performance of any employee at work. Sexual harassment is illegal and wrongful. Sexual harassment should be prohibited in the workplace. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) defines sexual harassment as â€Å" unwelcomed sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment, submission to or rejections of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual or such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating intimidating, hostile or offensive working environment. † If an individual performs any form of conduct that will interfere with an employee’s job performance or create a hostile environment should be illegal and unaccepted in the workplace. Employers should maintain a safe and healthy work environment for their employees. The company is to maintain a work environment free of all forms of harassment and insist all employees be treated with dignity, respect, and courtesy. There are a lot of sexual harassment policies that are located on the different websites, and on employee’s information board. The policy should be accessible to all employees to view at any time. If an employee cannot find their company’s sexual harassment policy, they can contact their HR Director for a copy of the policy. And your supervisor or your manager can, also, help you to locate your company’s sexual harassment policy. The sexual harassment policy for most of the companies that were researched met the basic components as listed by the EEOC. In the state of California, they are very strict when it comes Sexual Harassment Policy 4 to sexual harassment and you could be fired and could have charges brought up on you. One of the companies’s maintained a zero tolerance policy for both sexual harassment and for retaliation. And the company prohibits retaliation against anyone for reporting discriminating activity, registering a complaint pursuant to the policy, assisting in making discrimination complaint or cooperating in an investigation. Another company protects the rights and confidentiality of the employee that has filed harassment claims and is resolved in a timely manner. This company also has complaint procedures to resolve complaints at the lowest levels and when they are advised of complain the company deems resolution and follows the appropriate steps and action to resolve complaint. Employers are legally obligated to take steps to prevent discrimination and harassment and to investigate and act quickly if a complaint is made (England, 2012). But, one company’s policy wasn’t very detailed, it only detailed that sexual harassment will not be tolerated against employees. And the company’s policy did not contain the steps that one need to file a complaint, the company did not give a clear definition and didn’t guarantee the confidentiality of the victim. It is the managers and supervisors responsibility to adhere to, implement and enforce the policies that their company have in place to prevent harassment in the workplace. In one of the company’s policy it stated that the managers and supervisors have as one of their responsibilities is to promote a harassment-free environment. So, at this company their policy is being enforced. Sexual harassment policy should be communicated in the workplace at least once a year through proper training. And during these training sessions, you should train employees on what sexual harassment is and what rights they have as employees. And promote to them that they have a right to a safe, healthy workplace free of sexual harassment. And companies should make Sexual Harassment Policy 5 sure that this policy is explained by HR upon being hired. As an HR professional, these policies should be displayed in a visual area where employees may view. HR can have team meetings with the managers reinforcing the importance of these policies that they need to implement at their workplace and review the company’s complaint procedure and encourage employees to use it. Sexual harassment is any behavior that is unwanted by an employee or affects the dignity or work performance of nay employee should not be prohibited in the workplace. Sexual Harassment Policy 6 References:

E.H. Sutherland: White Collar Crime

E.H. Sutherland: White Collar Crime What are some of the principal elements of E.H. Sutherlands contribution to the study of white collar crime? What are some of the limitations? What factors seem to have contributed to Sutherlands interest in white collar crime and to the relative disinterest of most other criminologists? E.H. Sutherland is widely considered the most important contributor to American criminology in the nations history. Among his many contributions, Sutherland is credited with coining the term white collar crime, formulating the theory of differential association, and contributing extensively to the study and formulation of laws concerning sexual psychopaths (Friedrichs, 2007). Sutherland differentiated himself from other professionals of his time because rather than focusing his efforts on explaining lower-class criminality, he sought to offer guidance and understanding on the criminality of middle-and upper-class people. Among Sutherlands inspirations was the work of E.A. Ross (1907) Sin and Society: An Analysis of Latter Day Iniquity (Geis and Goff 1987). the criminaloid: the businessman who committed exploitative, if not necessarily illegal, acts out of an uninhibited desire to maximize profit, all the while hiding behind a faà §ade of respectability and piety. Ross regarded these criminaloids as guilty of moral insensibility and held them directly responsible for unnecessary deaths of consumers and workers. Building on the research of Ross and others in the criminology field, Sutherland formulated his theory of differential association. He came to believe that his theory of differential association, which attributed criminality to a learning process, was precisely the type of general theory that could usefully explain both lower-class and upper-class crime (Friedrichs, 2007). The first recorded use of the term white collar crime was in Sutherlands landmark book entitled, White Collar Crime (1939). The book brings to the forefront the prevalence of criminal activity in some of the largest companies in the country. White Collar Crime focuses on the 70 largest U.S. manufacturing, mining, and mercantile corporations with respect to the legal decisions against them and the pervasiveness of immoral and corrupt business practices in the corporations (Friedrichs, 2007). Sutherlands research showed that 97% of the corporations were recidivists. That is, when they were caught and punished, they committed more crime. That compares to 50% or so of the individuals who commit new crime after being released from prison (Friedrichs, 2007 p. 2). In his book, Sutherland noted that corporate officials felt contempt for the law, and didnt want laws to be passed to control their harmful behavior; they didnt want the laws enforced and they didnt want to be punished personally if caught (Friedrichs, 2007). Although Sutherlands book and theories were seen as an important step in the right direction in terms of recognizing white collar crime and emphasizing the need for its enforcement, his theories did have some limitations. Among the shortcomings was his general label of white collar crime to all crimes concerning a corporation. Sutherland failed to differentiate between the crime done by white-collar employees against the corporation, and the crime done by the corporation acting as an individual company (Young, 1989). Friedrichs (2007) listed several other shortcomings: Sutherland overemphasized an individualistic framework (and social-psychological factors) and largely ignored social structural factors (e.g., capitalism, profit rates, and business cycles). He failed to make clear-cut distinctions among white collar crimes, and he did not adequately appreciate the influence of corporations over the legislative and regulatory processes. Which social developments may have contributed to a social movement against white collar crime, and which factors continue to act as constraints against any such movement? There have been a number of factors in the last century which have contributed to a social movement against white collar crime. The stock market crash of 1929 marked the start of the Great Depression and a renewed assault on the illegal activities of corrupt businesses, corporations, and politicians around the country. During this time of great suffering and unemployment by millions, the horrid business practices of many corporations were seen as being unethical. Many of these corporations formed their business models that were centered on profit at the expense of the workers, customers, and the country. Awareness of WCC and the public movement against it really came to the forefront again during the nineteen-seventies. The seventies saw a decline in public confidence of elected officials and businesses alike because of events such as the Vietnam War, the Watergate crimes of the Nixon White House, and some high-profile cases of corporate misconduct (Friedrichs, 2007). The biggest factor in my view, which has contributed to awareness and action against WCC, is the news media, and the Internet. Im not necessarily speaking of the nightly news shows of the networks which were the norm in the seventies, eighties, even into the mid-nineties. Im talking about the explosion of cable news and the Internet which provides 24 hr sources of news and information to the public. The round the clock pursuit by people to gather information on important topics and beat another network to the story has led to the uncovering and release of more important stories and information to the public than ever before. TV personalities and investigative shows such as Bill OReilly, Sean Hannity, Glenn Beck, Dateline, and 60 minutes, and others make it their mission to uncover blatant abuses of power and illegal activity that can affect citizens around the country. These private citizens with the backing of their networks often uncover information that leads to criminal action taken against individuals, corporations, and politicians. The bottom line is that when citizens are made aware of the corruption and other abuses by powerful people or businesses, they have the power to (and often does) speak out. When citizens speak out, their elected officials should take note as should law enforcement. This chain of events is often the primary factor leading to arrests and convictions for acts of white collar crime and other similar instances of fraud, waste, and abuse. The advent of the Internet, cellular phones, and twenty-four hour cable news allows for instant access to information. People can talk, text, email, and fax information around the globe in an instant. The information flow allows us to search for nearly anything at anytime. This accessibility to information has made more people aware of the manner and frequency in which businesses, politicians, and others have abused their positions of trust and authority in order to gain financially at the expense of others. In the last decade alone the United States has seen some of the biggest companies come crashing down because of deceitful business practices designed to mislead the general public and help the company profit. Companies such as Enron, Adelphia, AOL/Time Warner, and WorldCom (to name a few) are prime examples of companies who have cooked their books to deceive consumers, investors, and the government (Patsuris, 2002). Despite the many factors which work against white collar crime, there will always be those corrupt individuals and companies who will seek to profit illegally through lies, deceit, and trickery. These powerful individuals use their wealth and positions of power to influence public officials into looking the other way or passing laws to benefit their interests. This is the biggest hindrance to stamping out white collar crime. The ability of the rich and powerful to corrupt public officials has and will continue to be the driving force which allows this type of illegal behavior to continue. Identify the principal agents who expose white collar crime in contemporary society. What factors motivate people to expose such crime, and what factors inhibit them from doing so? What specific policy measures can be adopted to encourage exposure of white collar crime? In regards to high level or corporate white collar crime the most likely method of exposure will come from an informer or whistle-blower from within the business or institution itself. Outside sources can contribute to investigations by uncovering or suspecting wrong doing. Often, these sources will come from the media, consumers, or concerned citizens. The informer will likely be an insider in the company who is involved in the criminal activity in some way. In return for their cooperation with law enforcement, the informer will likely seek compensation of one form or another, they may be given promises of leniency, immunity from prosecution, or a financial reward (Friedrichs, 2007). Another company insider who is a vital source of information to investigators is Whistle Blowers. These individuals are crucial sources of information needed for the detection, and ultimately the prosecution of many white collar crimes, especially when they are of the governmental and corporate varieties. Another common perpetrator of white collar crime and also important players in exposing it is through politicians and other elected officials. These officials are generally closely affiliated with business and community leaders who commit the majority of white collar crime, and as a result may be subject to the allure of money and power. Other sources which can be of assistance in uncovering instances of white collar crime are from the media, particularly investigative journalists. Investigative journalism can be a pain staking, time consuming, and expensive process. Because of the expense and resources necessary to conduct an in-depth investigation, many smaller newspapers or local television stations are reluctant or unable to undertake them (Friedrichs, 2007). Bigger TV networks or newspapers with strong financial backing and high subscribership or viewers are now the most likely people to break these stories of white collar criminals, particularly when they involve elected officials. There are a number of factors which ultimately govern a persons decision to expose their employers activities, or in many cases deter them from doing so. Some come forward because of their need for self-preservation, or for other altruistic reasons. They may be afraid they will be harmed either financially or physically due to the illegal actions of the person or company, or they can feel a moral sense to do what is right. The same logic holds true for not coming forward, due to fear of reprisal and potential for lost income, job, or physical retaliation or intimidation (Friedrichs, 2007). There can be a number of changes and improvements made to federal and state statutes in order to encourage people to come forward and expose acts of white collar crime. One of the most important and logical measures would be to provide financial protection for a person, because they will likely suffer greatly if they become an informant against their own company. They will likely have to quit their job or be let go. They will lose pay and put themselves and their family through a great deal of stress if the case is long and drawn out in court. I realize there are regulations in place that provide a whistleblower with a reward of a percentage of the judgment against a company or corporation (Friedrichs, 2007). These laws should be applied to many more cases and when possible the person providing the information should be subsidized during the trial to help them with their bills in return for their assistance. These are just a couple of the general ways in which people can be encourage d to come forward and expose white collar crime. What are some of the specific challenges in studying white collar crime relative to the study of conventional crime? Can white collar crime be studied scientifically, or does it require a different approach? White collar crime is much more difficult to study and investigate than traditional or conventional crime. WCC is generally not openly blatant like most conventional criminal activity. An officer can walk into a crime scene, see a badly beaten body and know with near certainty that a crime occurred. The same does not hold true if that same officer walks into an office and sees a man in a suit sitting at a desk typing on a computer. The effort necessary (in most cases) to discover then investigate instances of WCC are far greater than most traditional crimes. Among the many difficulties in studying WCC, is the most basic question: What exactly is white collar crime? WCC can include such a wide spectrum of actions and activities, encompassing different people, businesses, and physical areas that it is very difficult to define and uncover. Scholars studying WCC may choose to focus on one single aspect much like they would in a conventional crime; i.e. homicide investigator, vice, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This approach can lead to confusion and difficulty when attempting to study WCC. Another challenge in studying WCC is the access to research subjects, statistics, and support. Companies will likely be hesitant to allow a research project to be carried out on their company, unless the researcher can show them that it specifically benefits them and their organization. Statistics on WCC are difficult to come by because as Friedrichs (2007) stated there is no real white collar crime equivalent to uniform crime report data, which exist for conventional crime (p. 33). Researchers must obtain data from a number of sources and agencies then group it so the data can be studied. Finally, it will likely be difficult for a researcher to obtain support from their organization to conduct the WCC research. Large corporate structures and bureaucracies will likely feel that the study will hit too close to home and have some uneasiness when their support is requested (Friedrichs, 2007). Many of these groups are hesitant to lend their support because they feel the researcher will b end the data gathered to support their own preconceived notion and bias. The experiment, a method of exemplifying a positivistic or scientific approach, has to date seldom been used in the study of white collar crime (Friedrichs, 2007 p. 36). The classical experiments of setting specific variables vs. a control group do not necessarily apply when studying white collar crime. Experiments of free will and the effects of pressure from superiors or authority figures on a person or group in controlling their actions may have some usefulness in studying WCC. Critically evaluate the traditional, common claim that the general public perceives white collar crime to be less serious than conventional crime. What specific methodological questions can be raised about research on this question? Which specific factors have contributed to a growth in the perception that white collar crime is relatively serious? I feel that historically the general public at large views white collar crime as less serious because it is not as in your face as conventional crime. People have a fear of being robbed, assaulted, raped, or their children being kidnapped because these crimes are something tangible, they can see, feel, and be scared of. Most people do not wake up in the morning or walk down the street thinking; God please dont let a bad man manipulate his companys finances so they appear to have made billions more than they actually did. Most people do not think about the hidden harmful effects that respectable and powerful people can have on them and their lives. I do feel that the current reality is that white collar crime is as serious and can inflict as much if not more damage to all of us than conventional criminal activity. Each of us in our everyday lives feels the harmful effects of WCC, although many of us do not even realize we are suffering the results of these crimes. The impact of these crime are everywhere and they affect each of us, this reality is being felt now, perhaps more so than any time in our recent history. WCC has resulted in higher insurance premiums, extra money spent on security in the financial sector, bank fees, lost jobs, companies going bankrupt, higher prices of goods and services, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Over the years people have come to better understand the direct effects that all aspects of white collar crime have on them and their loved ones. Peoples lives can be turned upside down simply by a man in a shirt and tie taking a bribe then putting a check in a box to say a product is safe, when in reality it is not. I am 28 years old, in my lifetime I have seen numerous stories about recalls of defective or potentially dangerous products ranging from toys, cars, supplements, clothes, to laundry detergent. Many of these recalls are the results of people ignoring simple safety inspections and reports. Bernie Madoff stole billions of dollars from investors who thought they were investing with a respectable business man. Enron overstated their companies worth by more than $1.5 billion. They ultimately went bankrupt with many of their executives in prison and thousands of employees and investors losing their life savings (Net Industries, 2010). Cases such as these are prime examples of w hy the American public now view white collar crime as serious if not more so than conventional crime.

How the 13 Colonies Were Named :: American History, Informative

How the 13 Colonies Were Named   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first thirteen colonies were either named after people, Indian names or, places in England. The original states/colonies are, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Georgia, North Carolina, Maryland, South Carolina, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Virginia, New Hampshire and New Jersey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The three states that are named specifically after Indian names are Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. The Puritans named Massachusetts, after a local Indian tribe whose name means â€Å"a large hill place.† Rhode Island was named after the Indian name for â€Å"Red Island.† It was officially called â€Å"The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations† in 1790. The third state named after and Indian name is Connecticut, which gets its name from and Algonquin word meaning â€Å"land on the long tidal river†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The eight colonies that are named after people in England are Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Virginia and New York. Georgia was named in honor of England’s King George II. North and South Carolina were both named in honor of King Charles I. (Carolous is Latin for Charles). It is believed that Lord Baltimore who received a charter for what is now the land of Maryland, named the state after Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of King Charles I. Delaware was named by the Delaware Indians (also known as lenni-lenape) after the person Lord de la Warr. The â€Å"Keystone State,† more commonly known as Pennsylvania was named by William Penn in honor of his father. William combined the name Penn and Latin term Sylvania, which means â€Å"woodlands† to come up with â€Å"Penn’s Woodlands.

Cost of Capital, Capital Budgeting and Financial Planning

Assignment| Cost of Capital, Capital Budgeting and Financial Planning| Chapter(s)| 9, 10, 12| Group Name| | Student Name(s)| | Date| | Instructions: HW Assignments will be uploaded to Kean Blackboard and must be accessed from there. You must work in groups where assigned (or independently if not assigned to groups) on homework assignments. Points are noted against each question. You are required to submit Home Work assignments electronically on Kean Blackboard using MS-Office or other text editor. You are required to complete your assignments as per the due date indicated by the Professor.Total Points in Assignment: 100 (Points scored will be scaled down to a maximum of 15 towards the final grade) Assignment: Part I: Cost of Capital During the last few years, Harry Davis Industries has been too constrained by the high cost of capital to make many capital investments. Recently, though, capital costs have been declining, and the company has decided to look seriously at a major expansio n program that has been proposed by the marketing department. Assume that you are an assistant to Leigh Jones, the financial vice-president. Your first task is to estimate Harry Davis’s cost of capital.Financial StatementsJones has provided you with the following data, which she believes may be relevant to your task: a) The firm's tax rate is 40%. b) The current price of Harry Davis’s 12% coupon, semiannual payment, noncallable bonds with 15 years remaining to maturity is $1,153. 72. Harry Davis does not use short-term interest-bearing debt on a permanent basis. New bonds would be privately placed with no flotation cost. c) The current price of the firm’s 10%, $100 par value, quarterly dividend, perpetual preferred stock is $116. 95. Harry Davis would incur flotation costs equal to 5% of the proceeds on a new issue. ) Harry Davis’s common stock is currently selling at $50 per share. Its last dividend (D0) was $3. 12, and dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 5. 8% in the foreseeable future. Harry Davis’s beta is 1. 2; the yield on T-bonds is 5. 6%; and the market risk premium is estimated to be 6%. For the over-own-bond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium approach, the firm uses a 3. 2%judgmental risk premium. e) Harry Davis’s target capital structure is 30% long-term debt, 10% preferred stock, and 60%common equity. To help you structure the task, Leigh Jones has asked you to answer the following questions. . What sources of capital should be included when you estimate Harry Davis’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC)? Should the component costs be figured on a before-tax or an after-tax basis? Should the costs be historical (embedded) costs or new (marginal) costs? (5 points) Sources of capital to be included to estimate WACC are * Long term debt – to be considered after tax * Preferred stock – to be considered before tax ( preferred stock is not tax deductible) * Common equity à ¢â‚¬â€œ to be considered before tax When it comes to corporate financing, most firms incorporate tax effects in the cost of capital.For this reason, component costs should be calculated on an after-tax basis. In financial management the WACC is used primarily to make investment decisions and these decisions hinge on projects expected future returns versus the cost of new or marginal capital that will be used to finance these projects. Thus the relevant cost it marginal cost of new debt to be raised during the planning period 2. What is the market interest rate on Harry Davis’s debt, and what is the component cost of this debt for WACC purposes? (3 points) Pre -Tax cost of Debt is the YTM in the case of a Bond.The current price of Harry Davis’s 12% coupon, semiannual payment, noncallable bonds with 15 years remaining to maturity is $1,153. 72. We used the RATE function in Excel to calculate the YTM: n| 30| PV| -1153. 72| pmt| 60| FV| 1000| Rate (i)| 5%| =RATE(30,60,-115 3. 72,1000) = 5% Since this is a semiannual rate, we multiplied by 2 to find the annual rate, which is the pre-tax cost of debt. 5% x 2 = 10% = rd After tax component cost of debt = Interest Rate – Tax Savings = rd – rdT We calculated that the rd is 10%, and it is stated above that the tax rate is 40%. rd(1 – T) = 10. %(1 – 0. 40) = 10. 0%(0. 60) = 6. 0 = 6% component cost of debt, which is the after-tax cost of debt. 3. What is the firm's cost of preferred stock? (3 points) The current price of the firm’s 10%, $100 par value, quarterly dividend, perpetual preferred stock is $116. 95. Harry Davis would incur flotation costs equal to 5% of the proceeds on a new issue. The cost of preferred stock is simply the preferred dividend divided by the price the company will receive if it issues new preferred stock. No tax adjustment is necessary, as preferred dividends are not tax deductible.Dps is the Preferred dividend = . 10($100) = $10 Pps is the preferr ed stock price = $116. 95 F is the flotation cost as a percentage of proceeds = 5% rps = Dps / Pps(1-F) = $10 / 111. 10 = 0. 09 = 9% cost of preferred stock 4. Would you expect Harry Davis’s preferred stock to be more riskier or less riskier to investors than its debt? Compare the preferred stock yield to the yield to maturity on the debt and explain the risk/return trade-off between preferred stock and debt from an investor’s point of view. (3 points) Preferred stocks are riskier to investors than debt.Corporations own most preferred stock, because 70% of preferred dividends are non-taxable to corporations. Therefore, preferred stock often has a lower before-tax yield than the before-tax yield on debt. But, the after-tax costs to the issuer are higher on preferred stock than debt. This is consistent with the higher risks of preferred stock. 5. Harry Davis doesn’t plan to issue new shares of common stock. Using the CAPM approach, what is Harry Davis’s est imated cost of equity? (2 points) Harry Davis’s beta is 1. 2; the yield on T-bonds is 5. 6%; and the market risk premium is estimated to be 6%.Risk-free rate: 5. 6% Market risk premium: 6% Beta: 1. 2 rs = Risk-free rate + (Market risk premium) (Beta) rs = rRF + (RPM) bi rs = . 056 + (. 06)(1. 2) = 0. 128 = 12. 8% estimated cost of equity using CAPM approach 6. What is the estimated cost of equity using the discounted cash flow (DCF) approach? (2 points) Harry Davis’s common stock is currently selling at $50 per share. Its last dividend (D0) was $3. 12, and dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 5. 8% in the foreseeable future. P0 = $50 D0 = $3. 12 g = 5. 8% D1 = $3. 30 rs = D1/P0 + g D1= D0(1+g)= $3. 12(1+. 058) = $3. 30 s = ($3. 30/$50)+5. 8% = 6. 6% +5. 8% = 12. 4% estimated cost of equity using DCF approach 7. Suppose the firm has historically earned 15% on equity (ROE) and retained 62% of earnings, and investors expect this situation to continue in th e future. How could you use this information to estimate the future dividend growth rate, and what growth rate would you get? Is this consistent with the 5. 8% growth rate provided by Jones? (2 points) Payout rate = 100% – 62% = 38% ROE = 15% Growth from earnings retention model: g = (Retention rate)(ROE) g = (1 – Payout rate)(ROE) g = (1 – 0. 38)(15%) = 9. %. Using the Earnings Retention Model, the estimated future dividend growth rate is 9. 3%, which is almost twice the growth rate provided by Jones, and hence inconsistent. Note that the earning retention model assumes the retention and payout rate will remain constant, as will the ROE on new investments. Under these assumptions, the earnings growth and dividends growth rate will also be constant. 8. What is the cost of equity based on the bond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium method? (2 points) For the over-own-bond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium approach, the firm uses a 3. %judgmental risk premium. We calculated earlier that the company’s bond yield is 10%. rs= rd + Judgmental risk premium rs= 10. 0% + 3. 2% = 13. 2% cost of equity based on bond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium method 9. What is your final estimate for the cost of equity, rs? (2 points) CAPMrs = 12. 8% DCF rs= 12. 4% Bond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium risk rs = 13. 2% Average rs= 12. 8% Final estimate for the cost of equity, rs = 12. 8% 10. What is Harry Davis’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC)? (2 points) The firm's tax rate is 40%.Harry Davis’s target capital structure is 30% long-term debt, 10% preferred stock, and 60%common equity. We calculated earlier that the pre-tax cost of debt, rd is 10%, the cost of preferred stock, rps is 9% and the cost of equity, rs is 12. 8%. Wd = 30% rd = 10% T = 40% Wps = 10% rps = 9% Ws = 60% rs = 12. 8% WACC= wdrd(1 – T) + wpsrps + wsrs WACC= 0. 30(. 10)(1 ? 0. 40) + 0. 10(. 09) + 0. 60(. 128) = . 1038 = 10. 38% weighted average cost o f capital 11. What four common mistakes in estimating the WACC should Harry Davis avoid? (2 points) Four common mistakes that are to be avoided are 1.Using current cost of debt (instead of historical cost of debt) 2. Mixing current and historical measures to calculate MRP 3. Using book weights to estimate the weight for capital structure (instead of market weights) 4. Misidentifying the capital component sources Part II: Capital Budgeting You have just graduated from the MBA program of a large university, and one of your favorite courses was â€Å"Today’s Entrepreneurs. † In fact, you enjoyed it so much you have decided you want to â€Å"be your own boss. † While you were in the master’s program, your grandfather died and left you $1 million to do with as you please.You are not an inventor and you do not have a trade skill that you can market; however, you have decided that you would like to purchase at least one established franchise in the fast-foods ar ea, maybe two (if profitable). The problem is that you have never been one to stay with any project for too long, so you figure that your time frame is three years. After three years you will sell off your investment and go on to something else. You have narrowed your selection down to two choices; (1) Franchise L, Lisa’s Soups, Salads, ; Stuff and (2) Franchise S, Sam’s Fabulous Fried Chicken.The net cash flows shown below include the price you would receive for selling the franchise in Year 3 and the forecast of how each franchise will do over the three-year period. Franchise L’s cash flows will start off slowly but will increase rather quickly as people become more health conscious, while Franchise S’s cash flows will start off high but will trail off as other chicken competitors enter the marketplace and as people become more health conscious and avoid fried foods. Franchise L serves breakfast and lunch, while Franchise S serves only dinner, so it is possible for you to invest in both franchises.You see these franchises as perfect complements to one another: You could attract both the lunch and dinner crowds and the health conscious and not so health conscious crowds without the franchises directly competing against one another. Here are the net cash flows (in thousands of dollars): Depreciation, salvage values, net working capital requirements, and tax effects are all included in these cash flows. You also have made subjective risk assessments of each franchise, and concluded that both franchises have risk characteristics that require a return of 10%. You must now determine whether one or both of the franchises should be accepted. . What is the difference between independent and mutually exclusive projects? (2 points) Independent projects are those projects whose cash flows are not affected by other projects. If Costco is considering opening a new store in Los Angeles and another one in New York, they would be independent. Mutu ally exclusive projects are two different methods of attaining the same result. If one is accepted the other would be rejected. If Costco were considering relocating its corporate headquarters to Los Angeles or New York, only one of the 2 locations will be selected thus rejecting the alternate location.When projects are mutually exclusive, it means they do the same job or have the same purpose. 2. Define the term net present value (NPV). What is each franchise’s NPV? (4 points) Net Present Value is defined as the present value of project’s cash inflows minus the present value of its costs. It tells us how the project contributes to shareholder wealth. The larger the NPV the more value the project adds and thus the higher the stock price. NPV = CF0 + CF1/ (1+r)1 + CF2/(1+r)2 + CF3/(1+r)3†¦.. + CFN/(1+r)N r = 10% Franchise L CF0L = -100 CF1L = 10 CF2L = 60 CF3L = 80NPVL= CF0L + CF1L/ (1+r)1 + CF2L/(1+r)2 + CF3L/(1+r)3 = -100 +10/(1+. 10)1 + 60/(1. 10)2 + 80/(1. 10)3 = -100 + 9. 09 + 49. 59 + 60. 11 = $18. 79 Franchise S CF0S = -100 CF1S = 70 CF2S = 50 CF3S = 20 NPVS= CF0S + CF1S/ (1+r)1 + CF2S/(1+r)2 + CF3S/(1+r)3 = -100 +70/(1+. 10)1 + 50/(1. 10)2 + 20/(1. 10)3 = -100 + 63. 64 + 41. 32 + 15. 03 = $19. 99 3. What is the rationale behind the NPV method? According to NPV, which franchise or franchises should be accepted if they are independent? Mutually exclusive? How would the NPVs change if the cost of capital changed? (4 points)NPV is generally regarded as the best single screening criterion, primarily because it is directly related to the firm’s central goal of maximizing the stock’s intrinsic value. NPV tells us how the project contributes to shareholder wealth. The larger the NPV the more value the project adds and thus the higher the stock price. A negative NPV indicates sufficient cash is not being generated from the project to meet cost associated with the project. Zero NPV indicates that cash generated is only sufficient to cover costs. Positive NPV on the other hand indicates that the inflow of cash is larger than the outflow.NPV rules dictate that if projects are independent, both projects should be accepted as long as they have a positive NPV. In this case both Franchise S ; L have positive NPV’s and should be accepted. If projects are mutually exclusive, then the project with the larger NPV should be selected. In this case, Franchise S has a higher NPV indicating that the returns from investing in Franchise S is larger and thus Franchise S should be selected. 4. Define the term internal rate of return (IRR). What is each franchise’s IRR? (4 points) IRR is the discount rate that forces the PV of the inflow of a project to equal the initial cost.In other words it forces the NPV to be zero. IRR is an estimate of the projects rate of return and it is comparable to the YTM on a bond. NPV = CF0 + CF1/ (1+IRR)1 + CF2/(1+IRR)2 + CF3/(1+IRR)3†¦.. + CFN/(1+IRR)N = 0 Using Excel function IRR | Expected | | net cash flows | Year (t)| Franchise L| Franchise S| 0 | ($100)| ($100)| 1 | 10 | 70 | 2 | 60 | 50 | 3 | 80 | 20 | IRR| 18. 13%| 23. 56%| IRRL = 18. 13% IRRS = 23. 56% 5. What is the logic behind the IRR method? According to IRR, which franchises should be accepted if they are independent? Mutually exclusive? How would the IRRs change if cost of capital changed? 4 points) IRR is an estimate of a projects rate of return. If the return exceeds the cost of funds used to finance the project, then the difference is a bonus that goes to the firm’s stockholders and causes the stock price to rise. So if the WACC/hurdle rate(r) is less than the estimated return IRR, it indicates project will be profitable. As in NPV where zero is the threshold above which the project is considered profitable, r is the threshold above which IRR is considered profitable In the condition where Franchise S and L are independent, both franchises have positive IRR’s and thus both franchises should be accepted.However, when both franchises are mutually exclusive, the franchise with the larger IRR has to be selected, which in this case Franchise S. 6. Construct NPV profiles for Franchises L and S. At what discount rate do the profiles cross? From the NPV profile which franchise or franchises should be accepted if they are independent? Mutually exclusive? Explain. (6 points) NPV Profile for Franchise S ; LCost of Capital = 10%| | Year =| 0| 1| 2| 3| Project S| -100. 00| 70| 50| 20| Project L| -100. 00| 10| 60| 80| | | | | | | r| NPVS| NPVL| | | 0%| $40. 00| $50. 00| | | 5%| $29. 29| $33. 05| | 8. 68%| $22. 32| $22. 32| | | 10%| $19. 98| $18. 78| | | 15%| $11. 83| $6. 67| | | 18. 126%| $7. 23| $0. 00| | | 20%| $4. 63| -$3. 70| | | 23. 564%| $0. 00| -$10. 20| | On this plot the X Axis is the cost of capital and the Y axis is the NPV. IRR is the discount rate at which profile line crosses the X axis. Profiles crossover at an 8. 68% cost of capital. Based on the pl ot, the NPV for both Franchise S and Franchise L have NPV’s above the cost of capital indicating cash inflow is larger than the costs and thus both projects should be selected if they are independent of each other.On the other hand, if the projects are mutually exclusive, the project with the larger x-intercept (higher IRR), which is Franchise S, should be accepted. 7. What is the underlying cause of ranking conflicts between NPV and IRR? (3 points) Ranking conflicts occur when cost of Capital is higher than crossover rate which causes NPV and IRR to point in different directions. The two basic conditions that cause these conflicts are * Timing difference: When one project receives majority of the cash early while the other receives it later.This is the reason for conflict between Franchise S ; Franchise L * Project size (scale) difference: Significant difference in invested amount can cause a conflict When either timing or size differences occur, the firm will have different amounts of funds to invest in other projects depending on which of the two mutually exclusive projects it chooses. Given this situation, the rate of return at which differential cash flows can be reinvested is a critical issue. Therefore, whenever conflict exists between mutually exclusive projects, NPV method is better to use. 8.What is the â€Å"reinvestment rate assumption,† and how does it affect the NPV versus IRR conflict? (3 points) NPV calculation is based on the assumption that cash inflows can be reinvested at the projects risk adjusted WACC, whereas the IRR calculation is based on the assumption that cash inflows can be reinvested at the IRR itself. Since NPV assumes reinvestment at cost of capital which is more realistic and is typically lower than the IRR (cash flows generally cannot be reinvested at heir IRR), so NPV is the more reasonable method. NPV should be used to choose between mutually exclusive projects. . Define the term modified IRR (MIRR). Find the M IRRs for Franchises L and S. (4 points) IRR overstates the expected rate of return for accepted projects because cash flows cannot be reinvested at the IRR. The Modified IRR (MIRR) rectifies this problem by assuming reinvestment at the WACC or any other reasonable rate. Using excel function MIRR, we calculated the MIRR for Franchise L and S. WACC| 10%| | | | year| 1| 1| 2| 3| Franchise L| ($100)| 10| 60| 80| Franchise S| ($100)| 70| 50| 20| | | | | | MIRRL| 16. 50%| | | | MIRRS| 16. 89%| | | | 10.What are the MIRR’s advantages and disadvantages vis-a-vis the regular IRR? What are the MIRR’s advantages and disadvantages vis-a-vis the NPV? (4 points) MIRR has two significant advantages over IRR. First, MIRR assumes reinvestments at cost of capital rather than investment at IRR which is generally not correct. Thus, MIRR is usually a better indicator of profitability. In addition, the MIRR eliminates the multiple IRR problem because there can never be more than one MIRR, a nd it can be compared with the cost of capital when deciding on accepting or rejecting projects.MIRR does not always lead to the same decision as NPV in the case of mutually exclusive projects where difference in size and timing can give rise to conflicts. In these considerations, NPV is a better indicator as it selects the project that maximizes value. However, MIRR is superior to the regular IRR as an indicator of a project’s â€Å"true† rate of return. Part III: Forecasting Financial Statements Matthews Industries’ most recent financial statements are available in the attached Excel worksheet and also in the partial model file Ch12 P11 Build a Model. xls from the textbook’s web site.Matthews Industries’ financial planners must forecast the company’s financial results for the coming year. The forecast will be based on the forecasted financial statements method, and any additional funds needed will be obtained by using notes payable. Comple te the partial model and answer the following questions. 1. Assume that the firm’s 2010 profit margin, payout ratio, capital intensity ratio, and spontaneous liabilities to sales ratio remain constant. If sales grow by 10% in 2011, what is the required external capital the firm will need in 2011 as calculated by the AFN equation? 10 points) AFNMatthews =| Add'l Req'd Assets| ? | Spontaneous liabilities| ? | Add'n to RE| =| (A0*/S0)? S | ? | (L0*/S0)? S | ? | S1 ? M ? (1–POR)|   | | | | | |   | =| (A0*/S0)(gS0) | ? | (L0*/S0)(gS0) | ? | S1 ? M ? (1–POR)|   | | | | | |   | =| $660| ? | $74. 70| ? | $257. 73|   | | | | | |   | AFNMatthews =| $327. 27| million|   |   |   |   | The required external capital for 2011 as calculated by AFN is 327. 27 Million. 2. If 2010 ratios remain constant, what is Matthews’ self-supporting growth rate?How will the self-supporting growth rate change if each of the following changes occur: (1) the profit mar gin declines, (2) the payout ratio increases, or (3) the capital intensity ratio declines? (10 points) | PM(1 – POR)(S0)| $234. 30|   | Self-supporting g =| =| | = 4. 17%| | A0* – L0* – PM(1 – POR)S0| $5,615. 70|   | Mathew’s self-supporting growth is calculated to be 4. 17%. Effect on Self-Supporting growth when all ratios are kept constant except one ratio is changed as follows 1) When the profit margin declines, the self-supporting growth percentage drops.Assuming that everything else is constant and M falls to 2. 55%, self-supporting growth g would fall to 2. 96% 2) When Payout-ratio increases, self-supporting growth percentage drops. Assuming that everything else is constant and POR increases to 55%, self-supporting growth g would fall to 3. 39% 3) When capital intensity ratio (A0*/S0) declines, it does not change the self-supporting growth 3. Matthews’ management has reviewed its financial statements and arrived at two possible sce narios for 2011.The first scenario assumes a steady state while the second scenario, the target scenario, shows some improvement in ratios toward industry-average values. Forecasted values for the scenarios are shown in the partially completed file Ch12 P11 Build a Model. xls. If Matthews assumes that external financing is achieved through notes payable and financing feedbacks are not considered because the new notes payable are added at the end of the year, what are the firm’s forecasted AFN, EPS, DPS, and year-end stock price under each scenario? (14 points) Using the file Chapter 12P11 Build a Model. ls, forecasted values for scenarios are as follows: Forecasted Values| Steady State| Target State| AFN| $324. 40 Million| -332. 50 Million| EPS| $3. 16| $5. 66| DPS| $1. 42| $2. 41| Year-end Stock Price| $25. 27| $70. 79| See excel file submitted separately for detailed calculations on Part III. Scoring Sheet: Question #| Max Points| Points scored| Part I| | | 1| 5| | 2| 3| | 3| 3| | 4| 3| | 5| 2| | 6| 2| | 7| 2| | 8| 2| | 9| 2| | 10| 2| | 11| 2| | Part II| | | 1| 2| | 2| 4| | 3| 4| | 4| 4| | 5| 4| | 6| 6| | 7| 3| | 8| 3| | 9| 4| | 10| 4| | Part III| | | 1| 10| | 2| 10| | 3| 14| | TOTAL| 100| | | | | Points towards final grade| 15| |